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		<title>Paquet télécom,  accord des députés et des représentants du Conseil sur les garanties d&#8217;accès à Internet.</title>
		<link>http://benjaminnicolau.wordpress.com/2009/11/06/paquet-telecom-accord-des-deputes-et-des-representants-du-conseil-sur-les-garanties-dacces-a-internet/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 06 Nov 2009 13:14:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>benjamin-nicolau</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Technology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ue]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Paquet télécom,  accord des députés et des représentants du Conseil sur les garanties d&#8217;accès à Internet.
L&#8217;accès d&#8217;un utilisateur à Internet pourra être restreint, si cela est jugé nécessaire et proportionné et seulement au terme d&#8217;une procédure juste et impartiale tenant compte du droit pour l&#8217;internaute d&#8217;être entendu : les députés et représentants du Conseil [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=benjaminnicolau.wordpress.com&blog=2374740&post=1320&subd=benjaminnicolau&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>Paquet télécom,  accord des députés et des représentants du Conseil sur les garanties d&#8217;accès à Internet.</p>
<p>L&#8217;accès d&#8217;un utilisateur à Internet pourra être restreint, si cela est jugé nécessaire et proportionné et seulement au terme d&#8217;une procédure juste et impartiale tenant compte du droit pour l&#8217;internaute d&#8217;être entendu : les députés et représentants du Conseil se sont mis d&#8217;accord dans la nuit de mercredi sur ce dernier point litigieux du &#8220;paquet télécoms&#8221;.<br />
Le Parlement et le Conseil s&#8217;étaient accordés en mai dernier sur le fait que l&#8217;accès à Internet était essentiel pour l&#8217;exercice de certains droits fondamentaux tels que le droit à l&#8217;éducation, la liberté d&#8217;expression et l&#8217;accès à l&#8217;information (rapport de Catherine Trautmann(S&amp;D, FR). Les députés ont donc insisté mercredi pour obtenir des garanties procédurales dans les cas de limitation de l&#8217;accès à l&#8217;Internet, dans le respect des garanties judiciaires inscrites dans la Convention Européenne pour la Protection des Droits de l&#8217;Homme et des Libertés Fondamentales.</p>
<p>Les députés obtiennent des garanties pour l&#8217;accès à Internet</p>
<p>Les restrictions d&#8217;accès à Internet ne pourront être imposées seulement si elles  sont jugées justes, appropriées, proportionnelles et nécessaires au bon fonctionnement d&#8217;une société démocratique, les représentants du Parlement et du Conseil ont décidé. Les mesures de restriction devront être appliquées en respect du principe de présomption d&#8217;innocence et du droit à la vie privée. Elles devront être précédées d&#8217;une procédure équitable et impartiale garantissant le droit au contrôle juridictionnel. Dans les cas dont l&#8217;urgence a été dûment jugée, des procédures appropriés ad-hoc pourront être engagées, à condition qu&#8217;elles respectent la Convention Européenne des Droits de l&#8217;Homme. (NDLR la traduction française officielle du texte de compromis sera bientôt disponible).</p>
<p>Dorénavant, les internautes pourront se référer à ces dispositions lors de procédures judiciaires engagées contre une décision d&#8217;un Etat membre de limiter leur accès à Internet.</p>
<p>La délégation du Parlement a approuvé le texte de compromis unanimement. Le compromis doit encore être approuvé par l&#8217;Assemblée plénière et par le Conseil réuni dans son intégralité.</p>
<p>Protéger les droits fondamentaux des internautes</p>
<p>Ni la proposition initiale de la Commission ni la position commune du Conseil ne contenaient des garanties contre des restrictions excessives de l&#8217;accès à Internet. Le Parlement, de son côté, a demandé à deux reprises que les droits des utilisateurs ne soient pas restreints sans décision préalable des autorités judiciaires (en accordance avec l&#8217;article 11 de la Charte des Droits Fondamentaux de l&#8217;UE sur la liberté d&#8217;information), sauf dans les cas où la sécurité publique est menacée, auquel cas la décision peut intervenir ultérieurement. (amendements apportés par le rapport de Catherine Trautmann, en mai 2009).</p>
<p>Le Conseil a rejeté deux fois cette demande, rendant inévitable l&#8217;ouverture de la procédure dite de &#8220;conciliation&#8221; (la troisième et dernière étape de la procédure législative de l&#8217;UE).</p>
<p>Validité légale</p>
<p>Des doutes subsistaient sur la validité du fondement juridique des amendements du Parlement, qui selon certains détracteurs dépassaient les compétences de la Communauté européenne. Les garanties procédurales demandées par le Parlement requerraient en effet une véritable harmonisation des systèmes judiciaires des Etats membres, ce qui outrepasserait les prérogatives de la Communauté dans le domaine visé par la législation télécom : les mesures d&#8217;harmonisation pour le marché intérieur (article 95 du traité).</p>
<p>Dans l&#8217;état, la directive ainsi amendée par le Parlement aurait donc pu être annulée par la Cour Européenne de Justice. Le texte de compromis obtenu dans la nuit de mercredi évite de proposer une harmonisation des systèmes judiciaires.</p>
<p>Un nouvel organe européen des régulateurs télécoms</p>
<p>Le 26 octobre, le Conseil a confirmé un accord obtenu en mai dernier avec les députés portant sur deux autres volets importants du paquet télécom : en premier lieu, un règlement établissant un organe des régulateurs européens des télécommunications  électroniques (BEREC). Le BEREC sera doté de la structure souple d&#8217;un Conseil d&#8217;administration composé des 27 autorités nationales de régulation, auquel se joindra un observateur représentant la Commission qui n&#8217;aura pas le droit de vote. En tant qu&#8217;organe d&#8217;expertise et de conseil indépendant, le BEREC émettra des avis et des recommandations pour aider la Commission et, sur demande, il aidera le Parlement européen et le Conseil à appliquer le cadre réglementaire en matière de communications électroniques de façon efficace et cohérente.</p>
<p>Le deuxième volet du paquet ayant reçu l&#8217;aval du Conseil le 26 octobre dernier est une directive visant à renforcer les droits des consommateurs, par exemple en permettant le transfert d&#8217;un numéro de téléphone portable (GSM) lors d&#8217;un changement d&#8217;opérateur et en établissant l&#8217;obligation d&#8217;obtenir le consentement des utilisateurs avant l&#8217;installation de &#8220;cookies&#8221; sur leurs ordinateurs.</p>
<p>Prochaines étapes</p>
<p>Le vote en séance plénière du Parlement est prévu pour la séance du 23-26 novembre à Strasbourg. A ce stade, le Parlement et le Conseil ne peuvent qu&#8217;approuver ou rejeter le texte, sans possibilité de l&#8217;amender. L&#8217;approbation du Parlement nécessite une majorité simple des voix, tandis que le Conseil votera à la majorité qualifiée.</p>
<p>Si le Parlement ou le Conseil en venaient à rejeter le texte, la directive-cadre pour les communications électroniques n&#8217;entrerait pas en vigueur et la procédure législative devrait entièrement recommencer avec une nouvelle proposition de la Commission.</p>
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		<title>Acuerdo en “el paqueteTelecom” : eurodiputados y representantes del Consejo acuerdan garantías de acceso a Internet</title>
		<link>http://benjaminnicolau.wordpress.com/2009/11/06/acuerdo-en-%e2%80%9cel-paquetetelecom%e2%80%9d-eurodiputados-y-representantes-del-consejo-acuerdan-garantias-de-acceso-a-internet/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 06 Nov 2009 13:13:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>benjamin-nicolau</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[tecnologia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[internet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[parlamento europeo]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Acuerdo en “el paqueteTelecom” : eurodiputados y representantes del Consejo acuerdan garantías de acceso a Internet
El acceso a internet de un usuario no podrá ser restringido a no ser que haya un procedimiento justo e imparcial, que incluya el derecho del usuario a ser escuchado, y siempre que se haga de forma proporcionada. Eurodiputados y [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=benjaminnicolau.wordpress.com&blog=2374740&post=1318&subd=benjaminnicolau&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>Acuerdo en “el paqueteTelecom” : eurodiputados y representantes del Consejo acuerdan garantías de acceso a Internet</p>
<p>El acceso a internet de un usuario no podrá ser restringido a no ser que haya un procedimiento justo e imparcial, que incluya el derecho del usuario a ser escuchado, y siempre que se haga de forma proporcionada. Eurodiputados y representantes del Consejo acordaron así la última cuestión pendiente del paquete de telecomunicaciones, durante las negociaciones celebradas el miércoles por la noche.<br />
Las dos partes ya habían acordado el pasado mes de mayo que internet es fundamental para el ejercicio de los derechos fundamentales como el derecho a la educación, la libertad de expresión y acceso a la información. Por ello, los eurodiputados insistieron, durante la reunión de conciliación del miércoles, en el establecimiento de garantías procesales suficientes para el acceso a internet que, en línea acuerdo con el Convenio Europeo para la Protección de los Derechos Humanos y las Libertades Fundamentales, garanticen la protección judicial efectiva y el debido proceso.</p>
<p>El Parlamento insiste en garantías adecuadas para el acceso a Internet</p>
<p>Las restricciones al acceso de un usuario a internet &#8220;sólo podrán ser impuestas si son adecuadas, proporcionadas y necesarias, en el marco de una sociedad democrática&#8221;, acordaron los eurodiputados y representantes del Consejo. Estas medidas sólo podrán tomarse &#8220;con el debido respeto al principio de presunción de inocencia y al derecho de privacidad&#8221; y como resultado de &#8220;un procedimiento previo, justo e imparcial&#8221; garantizando &#8220;el derecho a ser oído (&#8230;) y el derecho a una revisión judicial efectiva y oportuna&#8221;, dice el texto de compromiso sobre la directiva marco de las comunicaciones electrónicas. &#8220;En casos urgentes debidamente justificados&#8221; podrán establecerse procedimientos alternativos adecuados, siempre que respeten el Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos.</p>
<p>En el futuro, los usuarios de internet podrán referirse a estas disposiciones si emprenden procedimientos judiciales contra la decisión de un Estado miembro de cortar su acceso a internet.</p>
<p>La delegación del Parlamento aprobó el texto conjunto por unanimidad. El compromiso aún tiene que ser aprobado por el pleno del Parlamento y el Consejo.</p>
<p>Proteger los derechos fundamentales de los usuarios de Internet</p>
<p>Ni la propuesta original de la Comisión ni la posición común del Consejo incluían salvaguardas contra restricciones indebidas del acceso a internet de los usuarios. Sin embargo, el Parlamento adoptó en dos ocasiones una enmienda, por la que se requiere a las autoridades reguladoras nacionales promover los intereses de los ciudadanos de la UE, entre otros, mediante &#8220;la aplicación del principio de no imponer restricciones en los derechos y libertades fundamentales de los usuarios finales, sin una sentencia previa de las autoridades judiciales, en particular de conformidad con el artículo 11 de la Carta de Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea sobre la libertad de expresión y de información, salvo cuando la seguridad pública se vea amenazada, en cuyo caso la sentencia puede ser posterior&#8221;.</p>
<p>El Consejo rechazó en dos ocasiones esta enmienda, iniciando así la tercera y última etapa del proceso legislativo de la UE, conocida como &#8220;conciliación&#8221;.</p>
<p>Por otra parte, había serias dudas sobre la validez jurídica de la enmienda, ya que podría parecer ir más allá de las competencias de la Comunidad Europea en este ámbito. Esta redacción podría haber requerido una armonización de los sistemas judiciales de los Estados miembros (una condición que va más allá de lo que la Comunidad puede adoptar en virtud de la base jurídica del artículo 95 del Tratado de la CE sobre las medidas de armonización para el mercado interior). En consecuencia, si la antigua enmienda hubiese sido adoptada el Tribunal de Justicia Europeo podría haber anulado ulteriormente la Directiva marco de las comunicaciones electrónicas.</p>
<p>Contexto: mejora de los derechos de los consumidores y cooperación de los reguladores nacionales</p>
<p>El Consejo confirmó el pasado 26 de octubre un acuerdo, alcanzado en mayo entre el Parlamento y el Consejo, sobre las otras dos leyes del paquete de telecomunicaciones. Una de ellas es un reglamente que establece la creación de un nuevo Organismo de Reguladores Europeos de Comunicaciones Electrónicas (BEREC en sus siglas en inglés), para mejorar la cooperación entre los reguladores nacionales de telecomunicaciones en la UE. La otra es una directiva para reforzar los derechos de los consumidores, permitiendo, por ejemplo, que al cambiar de operadora de telefonía móvil, los clientes tengan su número de teléfono transferido en el período máximo de un día laboral. La directiva también contempla que se requiera el consentimiento del usuario antes de la instalación de &#8220;cookies&#8221; en su ordenador.</p>
<p>Próximos pasos</p>
<p>La votación del Parlamento en tercera lectura está prevista para la sesión plenaria del 23 al 26 de noviembre en Estrasburgo. En su tercera y última lectura de la directiva marco de las comunicaciones electrónicas, tanto el Parlamento como el Consejo sólo podrán aprobar o rechazar el texto conjunto en su totalidad, sin nuevas enmiendas. El Parlamento necesita una mayoría simple de los votos emitidos, mientras que el Consejo decide por mayoría cualificada.</p>
<p>Los Estados miembros tendrán un año y medio para aplicar las nuevas normas, una vez que estas hayan entrado en vigor.</p>
<p>Si el Parlamento o el Consejo no aprueban el texto conjunto en tercera lectura, la directiva marco de las comunicaciones electrónicas no será adoptada. En este caso, el proceso de codecisión puede ser reiniciado sólo mediante una nueva propuesta legislativa de la Comisión.</p>
<p>Source PE</p>
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		<title>Agreement on EU Telecoms Reform</title>
		<link>http://benjaminnicolau.wordpress.com/2009/11/05/agreement-on-eu-telecoms-reform/</link>
		<comments>http://benjaminnicolau.wordpress.com/2009/11/05/agreement-on-eu-telecoms-reform/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 05 Nov 2009 14:40:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>benjamin-nicolau</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[telecom]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Agreement on EU Telecoms Reform paves way for stronger consumer rights, an open internet, a single European telecoms market and high-speed internet connections for all citizens
Late last night (at 0:45), the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers reached an agreement on the EU Telecoms Reform, after intense negotiations brokered by the European Commission. The [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=benjaminnicolau.wordpress.com&blog=2374740&post=1315&subd=benjaminnicolau&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>Agreement on EU Telecoms Reform paves way for stronger consumer rights, an open internet, a single European telecoms market and high-speed internet connections for all citizens</p>
<p>Late last night (at 0:45), the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers reached an agreement on the EU Telecoms Reform, after intense negotiations brokered by the European Commission. The reform, proposed by the Commission in November 2007 substantially strengthens competition and consumer rights on Europe&#8217;s telecoms markets, facilitates high-speed internet broadband connections to all Europeans and establishes a European Body of Telecoms Regulators to complete the single market for telecoms networks and services. Following the endorsement of the reform package by an overwhelming majority of the European Parliament in May this year only one subparagraph had remained controversial between Parliament and Council: the degree to which access to the internet should, and could, be protected by EU law, as well as the procedural and judicial safeguards for internet users. After further talks, in a conciliation committee made up of representatives of the 27 Member States and an equal number of representatives from Parliament, the negotiators of Parliament, Council and Commission agreed last night – by unanimity – on a new internet freedom provision (see Annex 1) that will substantially strengthen the rights of internet users. </p>
<p>The new internet freedom provision will be accompanied by new measures to reinforce the neutral character of the internet in Europe. Following final votes in Parliament and Council in November, these reforms could come into force in early 2010. EU countries will then have 18 months to incorporate the new provisions into their national legislation.</p>
<p>Viviane Reding, the EU Telecoms Commissioner who had been an active party to the final talks, welcomed the agreement found between Parliament and Council: &#8220;It is very good news for Europe&#8217;s citizens that negotiators of the Parliament and Council last night reached agreement on a new internet freedom provision to be included in the telecoms reform package. This internet freedom provision is unprecedented across the globe and a strong signal that the EU takes fundamental rights very seriously, in particular when it comes to the Information Society. The agreement on the new internet freedom provision, which has the unanimous support of all negotiators, now paves the way for a swift entry into force of this telecoms reform. The reform will substantially enhance consumer rights and consumer choice in Europe&#8217;s telecoms markets, and add new guarantees to ensure the openness and neutrality of the internet. It will boost competition and investment in telecoms markets, and open up airwaves for new mobile services, allowing internet broadband for all Europeans. </p>
<p>I would like to thank the European Parliament and their chief negotiators as well as the Council of Ministers and the Swedish presidency for their efforts. Jointly, they have made sure that Europe’s telecoms market will become more competitive and more consumer-friendly for telecoms operators and their customers.&#8221;<br />
The following are the 12 most prominent reforms of the telecoms package, as now agreed: </p>
<p>1. A right of European consumers to change, in 1 working day, fixed or mobile operator while keeping their old phone number. Currently in the EU it takes on average 8.5 days for a mobile number and 7.5 days for a fixed number to be changed, with some customers facing a two to three week wait In the future, consumers will be able to do this in 1 working day. In addition, under the new rules, the maximum initial duration of a contract signed by a consumer with an operator will be no longer than 24 months. Operators must also offer consumers the possibility of agreeing to a contract with a maximum duration of 12 months.</p>
<p>2. Better consumer information: Under the new telecoms rules, consumers will receive better information ensuring they understand what services they subscribe to and, in particular, what they can or cannot do with those communications services. Consumer contracts must specify, among other things, information on the minimum service quality levels, as well as on compensation and refunds if these levels are not met, subscriber&#8217;s options to be listed in telephone directories and clear information on the qualifying criteria for promotional offers.</p>
<p>3. Protecting citizens&#8217; rights relating to internet access by a new internet freedom provision (full text: see Annex 1): Following the strong request of the European Parliament, and after long negotiations on this point, the new telecoms rules now explicitly state that any measures taken by Member States regarding access to or use of services and applications through telecoms networks must respect the fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens, as they are guaranteed by the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and in general principles of EU law. Such measures must also be appropriate, proportionate and necessary within a democratic society. In particular, they must respect the presumption of innocence and the right to privacy. With regard to any measures of Member States taken on their Internet access (e.g. to fight child pornography or other illegal activities), citizens in the EU are entitled to a prior fair and impartial procedure, including the right to be heard, and they have a right to an effective and timely judicial review. </p>
<p>Commissioner Reding said on this matter: &#8220;The new internet freedom provision represents a great victory for the rights and freedoms of European citizens. The debate between Parliament and Council has also clearly shown that we need find new, more modern and more effective ways in Europe to protect intellectual property and artistic creation. The promotion of legal offers, including across borders, should become a priority for policy-makers. &#8216;Three-strikes-laws&#8217;, which could cut off Internet access without a prior fair and impartial procedure or without effective and timely judicial review, will certainly not become part of European law.&#8221;</p>
<p>4. New guarantees for an open and more &#8220;neutral&#8221; net: The new telecoms rules will ensure that European consumers have an ever greater choice of competing broadband service providers. Internet service providers have powerful tools at their disposal that allow them to differentiate between the various data transmissions on the internet, such as voice or &#8216;peer-to-peer&#8217; communication. Even though traffic management may allow premium high-quality services (such as IPTV) to develop and can help ensure secure communications, the same techniques may also be used to degrade the quality of other services to unacceptably low levels or to strengthen dominant positions on the market. That is why, under the new EU rules, national telecoms authorities will have the powers to set minimum quality levels for network transmission services so as to promote &#8220;net neutrality&#8221; and &#8220;net freedoms&#8221; for European citizens. In addition, thanks to new transparency requirements, consumers must be informed – before signing a contract – about the nature of the service to which they are subscribing, including traffic management techniques and their impact on service quality, as well as any other limitations (such as bandwidth caps or available connection speed).<br />
The Commission also made a commitment last night to keep the neutrality of the internet under close scrutiny and to use its existing powers as well as new instruments available under the reform package to report regularly on the state of play in net neutrality to the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers. &#8220;Under the reformed rules, the Commission will be Europe&#8217;s first line of defence when it comes to net neutrality&#8221;, said EU Telecoms Commissioner Viviane Reding.</p>
<p>5. Consumer protection against personal data breaches and spam: European citizens&#8217; privacy is a priority of the new telecoms rules. Names, email addresses and bank account information of the customers of telecoms and internet service providers, and especially the data about every phone call and internet session, need to be kept safe from accidentally or deliberately ending up in the wrong hands Operators must respond to the responsibility that comes with processing and storing this information. Therefore, the new rules introduce mandatory notifications for personal data breaches – the first law of its kind in Europe. This means that communications providers will be obliged to inform the authorities and their customers about security breaches affecting their personal data. This will increase the incentives for better protection of personal data by providers of communications networks and services.<br />
In addition, the rules concerning privacy and data protection are strengthened, e.g. on the use of “cookies” and similar devices. Internet users will be better informed about cookies and about what happens to their personal data, and they will find it easier to exercise control over their personal information in practice. Furthermore, internet service providers will also gain the right to protect their business and their customers through legal action against spammers.</p>
<p>6. Better access to emergency services, 112: The new telecoms rules will ensure that European citizens gain better access to emergency services by extending the access requirements from traditional telephony to new technologies, strengthening operators&#8217; obligation to pass information about caller location to emergency authorities, and by improving general awareness of the European emergency number &#8216;112&#8242;.<br />
In addition, provisions on access to telecoms services for Europeans with disabilities have been strengthened so that they can benefit from the same usability of services as other citizens, but by different means. For the first time, the EU&#8217;s telecoms rules will include a provision on the availability of terminal equipment offering the requisite services and functions for users with disabilities.</p>
<p>7. National telecoms regulators will gain greater independence: The new telecoms rules reinforce national telecoms regulators&#8217; independence by eliminating political interference in their day-to-day duties and by adding protection against arbitrary dismissal for the heads of national regulators. </p>
<p>8. A new European Telecoms Authority that will help ensure fair competition and more consistency of regulation on the telecoms markets. The reform creates a very important tool for making a single European telecoms market a reality: the new European Telecoms Authority &#8220;BEREC&#8221; (Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications) that will replace the loose cooperation behind closed doors that exists today in the &#8220;European Regulators Group&#8221; with a more transparent and more efficient approach. BEREC decisions will be taken, as a rule, by majority of the heads of the 27 national telecoms regulators: by a simple majority when BEREC gives opinions in the context of the Commission&#8217;s analysis of remedies notified by national regulators, and by a two thirds majority in other cases. Such BEREC decisions will be prepared by an independent supranational Office with expert staff. BEREC will also advise, support and complement the independent work of national telecoms regulators, especially when it comes to regulatory decisions with a cross-border relevance. A decision on the seat of BEREC still needs to be taken by the Governments of the 27 Member States.</p>
<p>9. A new Commission say on the competition remedies for the telecoms markets: The new EU telecoms rules will give the Commission the power to oversee regulatory remedies proposed by national regulators (e.g. on the conditions of access to the network of a dominant operator; or on fixed or mobile termination rates). The objective is to avoid inconsistent regulation that could distort competition in the single telecoms market. When the Commission, in close cooperation with BEREC, considers that a draft remedy notified by a national regulator would create a barrier to the single market, the Commission may issue a recommendation that requires the national regulator to amend or withdraw its planned remedy. The new rules also enable the Commission to adopt further harmonisation measures in the form of recommendations or (binding) decisions, if divergences in the implementation of remedies persist across the EU in the longer term.</p>
<p>10. Functional separation as a means to overcome competition problems: National telecoms regulators will gain the additional tool of being able to oblige telecoms operators to separate communication networks from their service branches, as a last-resort remedy. This new remedy has been advocated since 2007 by the European Commission and by the 27 national regulators. Functional separation can rapidly improve competition in markets while maintaining incentives for investment in new networks. Functional separation has been implemented in the UK since January 2006 where it triggered a surge in broadband connections (from 100.000 unbundled lines in December 2005 to 5.5 million 3 years later). The new EU rules on functional separation will add legal certainty for countries currently moving towards different forms of separation (Poland, Italy), while ensuring overall consistency for the benefit of the single market, effective competition and consumer choice.</p>
<p>11. Accelerating broadband access for all Europeans: Currently, in rural areas of the EU only an average of 70% of the population can have access to a broadband network connection   The reform will help in overcoming this &#8220;digital divide&#8221; by better managing radio spectrum and by making it effectively available for wireless broadband services in regions where building a new fibre infrastructure is too costly; and by allowing Member States to expand universal service provisions beyond narrow-band internet access. </p>
<p>The reform in particular puts a much stronger emphasis on technology and service flexibility in spectrum use, making it easier for operators to introduce innovative technologies and services. This increased flexibility will bring important economic gains and has the potential to generate an estimated additional 0.1% of GDP per annum. In particular, it will allow the &#8220;digital dividend&#8221;, the radio spectrum freed as a result of the switchover from analogue to digital TV, to work for the economic recovery as also stressed in the Commission&#8217;s recent Communication on transforming the digital dividend into social benefits and   </p>
<p>A further important reform proposed by the Commission in parallel to the negotiations on the telecoms reform package was already adopted by Parliament and Council on 16 October 2009   the modernisation of the GSM Directive, which will allow operators to introduce new services, starting with 3G and extending later to other new technologies, to operate in the GSM band which was previously reserved exclusively for GSM services. This should lead to industry savings estimated at € 1.6 billion in capital costs for a single Europe-wide network, and enable faster roll-out of full 3G coverage. The reformed GSM Directive will boost the take up of 3G in the EU, from the existing 3G customer base which was estimated at over 90 million in December 2008. 3G penetration rates are currently the highest in Italy, Austria, Sweden and the UK where they exceed 20% of the total subscribers.</p>
<p>12. Encouraging competition and investment in next generation access networks: The new rules bring legal certainty for investment in next generation access (NGA) networks. These networks, based on new optical fibre and wireless network technologies, are replacing less efficient traditional copper-wire networks and will allow high-speed internet connections. The reform of the telecoms rules reaffirms the importance of competition in this new sector while at the same time preserving incentives to invest by taking into account the risks involved in allowing access to NGA networks and allowing for various cooperative arrangements between investors and access-seeking operators. In this way, the new rules will also ensure telecoms operators receive a fair return on their investments. On the basis of the new rules, the Commission plans to issue a recommendation for the regulation of access to NGA networks in the first half of 2010, taking into account the results of public consultations in 2008 and 2009   The rules governing the sharing of network elements, such as ducts or in-building wiring, between operators are also updated by the reform. Besides improving competition and services for businesses and consumers, this will also help lower the overall financial costs for operators of deploying NGA networks.</p>
<p>Source UE</p>
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		<title>Telecoms package : MEPs and Council representatives agree on internet access safeguards</title>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 05 Nov 2009 14:38:21 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[Telecoms package : MEPs and Council representatives agree on internet access safeguards
A user&#8217;s internet access may be restricted, if necessary and proportionate, only after a fair and impartial procedure including the user&#8217;s right to be heard. MEPs and Council representatives agreed in negotiations on Wednesday night on this, the last open issue in the telecoms [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=benjaminnicolau.wordpress.com&blog=2374740&post=1313&subd=benjaminnicolau&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>Telecoms package : MEPs and Council representatives agree on internet access safeguards</p>
<p>A user&#8217;s internet access may be restricted, if necessary and proportionate, only after a fair and impartial procedure including the user&#8217;s right to be heard. MEPs and Council representatives agreed in negotiations on Wednesday night on this, the last open issue in the telecoms package.</p>
<p>The two sides had already agreed in May that internet is essential for the exercise of fundamental rights such as the right to education, freedom of expression and access to information. So MEPs insisted in Wednesday&#8217;s conciliation meeting on establishing adequate procedural safeguards for internet access, in line with the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms guaranteeing effective judicial protection and due process.</p>
<p>Parliament insists on adequate safeguards for internet access</p>
<p>Restrictions on a user&#8217;s internet access may &#8220;only be imposed if they are appropriate, proportionate and necessary within a democratic society&#8221;, agreed MEPs and Council representatives. Such measures may be taken only &#8220;with due respect for the principle of presumption of innocence and the right to privacy&#8221; and as a result of &#8220;a prior, fair and impartial procedure&#8221; guaranteeing &#8220;the right to be heard (&#8230;) and the right to an effective and timely judicial review&#8221;, says the compromise text on the electronic communications framework directive. &#8220;In duly substantiated cases of urgency&#8221; appropriate procedural arrangements may be made provided they are in line with the European Human Rights Convention.</p>
<p>In future, internet users may refer to these provisions in court proceedings against a decision of a Member State to cut off their internet access.</p>
<p>Parliament&#8217;s delegation approved the joint text unanimously. The compromise still has to be approved by the full Parliament and Council.</p>
<p>Protecting internet users&#8217; fundamental rights</p>
<p>Neither the Commission&#8217;s original proposal nor the Council&#8217;s common position included safeguards against unduly restricting a user&#8217;s internet access. However, Parliament twice adopted an amendment requiring national regulatory authorities to promote the interests of EU citizens, inter alia by &#8220;applying the principle that no restriction may be imposed on the fundamental rights and freedoms of end-users, without a prior ruling by the judicial authorities, notably in accordance with Article 11 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union on freedom of expression and information, save when public security is threatened in which case the ruling may be subsequent&#8221;.</p>
<p>The Council twice rejected this amendment, thus initiating the third and last stage of the EU legislative process, known as conciliation.</p>
<p>On the other hand, there were serious doubts as to the legal validity of the amendment, as it would seem to go beyond the European Community&#8217;s competences in this field. This wording would arguably have required a harmonisation of Member States&#8217; judicial systems &#8211; a condition that goes beyond what the Community can adopt under the legal basis of EC Treaty Article 95 on harmonisation measures for the internal market. Consequently, if the old amendment had been adopted, the European Court of Justice might have annulled the electronic communications framework directive at a later stage.</p>
<p>Background: Improved consumer rights and cooperation of national regulators</p>
<p>The Council confirmed on 26 October an agreement reached in May between Parliament and Council on the two other telecoms package laws. One is a regulation setting up a new European body, BEREC, to improve co-operation among the EU&#8217;s national telecoms regulators. The other is a directive to strengthen consumer rights, e.g. by allowing customers to have their mobile telephone number transferred within one working day when changing operators or requiring a user&#8217;s consent before “cookies” are installed on his computer.</p>
<p>Next steps</p>
<p>Parliament&#8217;s third-reading vote is scheduled for 23-26 November. In their third and last readings of the electronic communications framework directive both Parliament and Council may only approve or reject the joint text as a whole without any further amendments: Parliament needs a simple majority of votes cast, whereas the Council decides by qualified majority.</p>
<p>If Parliament or the Council do not approve the joint text at third reading, the electronic communications framework directive is deemed not adopted. In this case, the co-decision procedure can be restarted only by a new legislative proposal from the Commission.</p>
<p>Source PE</p>
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		<title>EU economy on the road to a gradual recovery</title>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 05 Nov 2009 14:37:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>benjamin-nicolau</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[Autumn forecast 2009-2011: EU economy on the road to a gradual recovery 
The Commission&#8217;s autumn forecast projects that the EU economy will emerge from recession in the second half of this year, although for 2009 as a whole, GDP is still set to fall by some 4%. A gradual recovery is expected  with GDP [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=benjaminnicolau.wordpress.com&blog=2374740&post=1311&subd=benjaminnicolau&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>Autumn forecast 2009-2011: EU economy on the road to a gradual recovery </p>
<p>The Commission&#8217;s autumn forecast projects that the EU economy will emerge from recession in the second half of this year, although for 2009 as a whole, GDP is still set to fall by some 4%. A gradual recovery is expected  with GDP forecast to grow by ¾% in 2010 and around 1½% in 2011. The near-term rebound in activity follows from improvements in the external environment and financial conditions, as well as from the significant fiscal and monetary policy measures put in place. Further out, a number of factors are set to restrain private demand and thus, the strength of the recovery. In particular, labour-market conditions will remain weak, with the unemployment rate projected to reach 10¼% in the EU. The public deficit is also expected to rise, to 7½% of GDP in 2010, before falling back slightly in 2011 as the economy picks up and temporary measures gradually come to an end. </p>
<p>&#8220;The EU economy is coming out of recession. This owes much to the ambitious measures taken by governments,  central banks and the EU that have not only prevented a systemic meltdown but have kick-started the recovery. However, the road ahead is a challenging one. To maintain momentum and support the sustainability of the recovery, it is essential that we fully implement all announced measures and complete the repair of the banking sector. We must also begin to look more towards the medium-term, and consider how best to address the adverse effects that the crisis has had on labour markets, public finances and potential growth&#8221;, said Joaquín Almunia, Commissioner for Economic and Monetary Affairs.<br />
Having experienced the deepest, longest and most broad-based recession in its history, the EU economy has reached a turning point. Recent months have seen a marked improvement in the economic situation and financial conditions, largely due to the unprecedented fiscal and monetary policy actions that have been taken. Several financial indicators are now back at pre-crisis levels, while confidence is advancing. The outlook for global growth and trade has also strengthened, especially in emerging-market economies. On the basis of these developments, together with a favourable inventory adjustment, GDP growth in the EU and euro area is set to turn positive again in the second half of this year. </p>
<p>A gradual recovery ahead</p>
<p>The improved near-term outlook in the EU and abroad is partly the result of temporary factors. As the impact of these fade in the course of 2010, global activity is likely to go through a soft patch. EU export growth is therefore expected to firm only gradually over the forecast horizon. Domestic demand also faces a number of constraints going forward. Reflecting low capacity utilisation, relatively weak demand prospects, subdued profitability gains and still moderating credit growth, investment is not projected to recover until 2011. Although private consumption proved to be a stabilising factor during the recession, spending in the period ahead is set to be held back by the need for deleveraging of households&#8217; balance sheets and weak labour-market prospects. A further restraining factor is the estimated adverse impact of the financial crisis on potential output. Thus, following an initial upturn, GDP growth in the EU and euro area is forecast to ease somewhat before regaining ground in the second half of 2010 and beyond.<br />
Labour market and public finances under pressure</p>
<p>While the EU labour market has been more resilient to the recession than expected (largely on account of short-term policy measures, past reforms and labour hoarding in some Member States), an increase in labour shedding is expected in the coming quarters. A contraction in employment of around 2¼% is foreseen this year, with a further decline of about 1¼% expected in 2010. A gradual stabilisation in employment is likely towards the end of 2010 and into 2011 as the recovery takes hold.<br />
Public finances have also been hit hard. The government deficit is projected to triple this year in the EU (reaching close to 7% of GDP, up from 2¼% in 2008) and to rise further in 2010 to around 7½%. This deterioration follows in part from the working of automatic stabilisers and the discretionary measures taken to support the economy, but also reflects a stronger than usual fall in revenue in response to the downturn. A slight easing in the deficit, to just below 7% of GDP, is expected in 2011 as activity picks up and temporary measures come to an end. However, the debt ratio is set to remain on an increasing path.<br />
Inflation remains subdued</p>
<p>Inflation in the EU and euro area is expected to rebound somewhat from its current, very low level, but to remain subdued over the forecast horizon. HICP inflation is projected to average slightly over 1% in 2010 and around 1½% in 2011 in both areas. While rising commodity prices are likely to put upward pressure on inflation, substantial slack in the economy and weak wage growth should have a dampening effect.<br />
Uncertainty remains high</p>
<p>The outlook for the EU economy as it emerges from recession is highly uncertain, and subject to non-negligible but broadly balanced risks. The recovery could surprise on the upside if policy measures are more effective than anticipated in restoring the soundness of the financial sector and boosting confidence, or if there is a more pronounced pick-up in global demand. On the other hand, the impact of weak labour-market conditions and constraints on investment could prove stronger than expected. Moreover, if the banking sector does not repair its balance sheet, it may not be able to provide sufficient support to the recovery. Risks to the inflation outlook are also broadly balanced. </p>
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		<title>L&#8217;economia dell&#8217;Unione europea si appresta a una ripresa graduale</title>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 05 Nov 2009 14:36:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>benjamin-nicolau</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[Previsioni d&#8217;autunno 2009-2011: l&#8217;economia dell&#8217;Unione europea si appresta a una ripresa graduale 
Secondo le previsioni d&#8217;autunno della Commissione, l&#8217;Unione europea uscirà dalla crisi nella seconda metà di quest&#8217;anno, sebbene il PIL dovrebbe subire un calo di circa il 4% nel complesso per il 2009. Si attende una ripresa graduale e le previsioni del PIL sono [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=benjaminnicolau.wordpress.com&blog=2374740&post=1309&subd=benjaminnicolau&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>Previsioni d&#8217;autunno 2009-2011: l&#8217;economia dell&#8217;Unione europea si appresta a una ripresa graduale </p>
<p>Secondo le previsioni d&#8217;autunno della Commissione, l&#8217;Unione europea uscirà dalla crisi nella seconda metà di quest&#8217;anno, sebbene il PIL dovrebbe subire un calo di circa il 4% nel complesso per il 2009. Si attende una ripresa graduale e le previsioni del PIL sono in crescita: ¾ di punto percentuale nel 2010 e +1½% circa nel 2011. La ripresa delle attività a breve termine è dovuta ai miglioramenti del contesto esterno e delle condizioni finanziarie, nonché alle significative misure di politica monetaria e di bilancio messe in atto. In seguito, una serie di fattori potrebbe frenare la domanda del settore privato e di conseguenza limitare il vigore della ripresa. In particolare, le condizioni del mercato del lavoro rimangono difficili: il tasso di disoccupazione nell&#8217;Unione europea dovrebbe raggiungere il 10¼%. Anche il disavanzo pubblico dovrebbe aumentare, raggiungendo il 7½% del PIL nel 2010, prima di diminuire leggermente nel 2011 quando l&#8217;economia si riprenderà e le misure temporanee saranno gradualmente abbandonate.<br />
&#8220;L&#8217;economia dell&#8217;Unione europea sta uscendo dalla crisi, soprattutto grazie alle misure ambiziose adottate dai governi, dalle banche centrali e dal UE, che non solamente hanno scongiurato il crollo del sistema ma hanno anche dato avvio alla ripresa. Ciononostante restano molte sfide da affrontare: per mantenere lo slancio e assicurare la sostenibilità della ripresa, è essenziale dare piena attuazione a tutte le misure annunciate e completare il risanamento del sistema bancario. Inoltre occorre cominciare a lavorare di più in un&#8217;ottica di medio termine valutando il modo migliore per ovviare agli effetti negativi che la crisi ha provocato sui mercati del lavoro, le finanze pubbliche e la crescita potenziale&#8221; ha affermato Joaquín Almunia, Commissario per gli Affari economici e monetari.<br />
Dopo aver attraversato la crisi più profonda, più lunga e più diffusa della sua storia, l&#8217;economia dell&#8217;Unione europea è giunta a una svolta. Gli ultimi mesi hanno registrato un netto miglioramento della situazione economica e delle condizioni finanziarie, dovuto in gran parte all&#8217;adozione di misure di politica monetaria e di bilancio senza precedenti. Molti indicatori finanziari sono tornati ai livelli precedenti alla crisi e la fiducia è in aumento. Le prospettive relative alla crescita e agli scambi a livello mondiale sono migliorate, specialmente nelle economie dei paesi emergenti. Alla luce di questi andamenti, e tenendo conto di un adeguamento favorevole delle scorte, la crescita del PIL nell&#8217;Unione europea e nell&#8217;area dell&#8217;euro dovrebbe tornare positiva nella seconda metà di quest&#8217;anno. </p>
<p>In arrivo una ripresa graduale<br />
Il miglioramento delle prospettive a breve termine nell&#8217;Unione europea e all&#8217;estero deriva in parte da fattori temporanei: mano a mano che il loro effetto svanirà nel corso del 2010, è probabile che l&#8217;attività a livello mondiale subisca un rallentamento. Durante il periodo oggetto delle previsioni, la crescita delle esportazioni dell&#8217;Unione europea dovrebbe pertanto stabilizzarsi solo gradualmente. Anche la domanda interna sarà fortemente limitata. Tenendo presente lo scarso utilizzo della capacità, le previsioni di crescita della domanda relativamente deboli, i modesti aumenti della redditività e la crescita ancora moderata del credito, si prevede che gli investimenti non riprenderanno fino al 2011. Sebbene i consumi privati si siano dimostrati un fattore stabilizzante durante la crisi, la spesa delle famiglie nel periodo a venire sarà limitata dalla necessità di riassestare i bilanci domestici e dalle prospettive non rosee per il mercato del lavoro. Le conseguenze negative che la crisi finanziaria potrebbe avere sulla produzione potenziale costituiscono un altro ostacolo alla ripresa. Stando alle previsioni, dopo un aumento iniziale, la crescita del PIL nell&#8217;Unione europea e nell&#8217;area dell&#8217;euro dovrebbe rallentare prima di tornare a migliorare nella seconda metà del 2010 e oltre.<br />
Mercato del lavoro e finanze pubbliche sotto pressione<br />
Nonostante il mercato del lavoro dell&#8217;Unione europea abbia resistito alla crisi meglio del previsto (principalmente grazie a misure politiche a breve termine, riforme precedenti e mantenimento di eccedenze di manodopera in taluni Stati membri), nei prossimi trimestri è attesa una perdita di posti di lavoro. Secondo le previsioni, quest&#8217;anno l&#8217;occupazione diminuirà di quasi il 2¼%, e nel 2010 scenderà ancora di circa l&#8217;1¼%. L&#8217;occupazione dovrebbe stabilizzarsi progressivamente verso la fine del 2010 e nel 2011, una volta che la ripresa sarà consolidata.<br />
Anche le finanze pubbliche sono state colpite duramente. Si stima che quest&#8217;anno il disavanzo pubblico triplicherà nell&#8217;Unione europea (raggiungendo quasi il 7% del PIL rispetto al 2¼% del 2008) e nel 2010 continuerà a salire fino a raggiungere il 7½% circa. Questo deterioramento deriva in parte dal funzionamento degli stabilizzatori automatici e dalle misure discrezionali adottate a sostegno dell&#8217;economia ma rispecchia anche un calo delle entrate più forte del previsto a seguito del rallentamento economico. Il disavanzo scenderà leggermente al di sotto del 7% del PIL nel 2011, con la ripresa dell&#8217;attività e la conclusione delle misure temporanee. Tuttavia il rapporto debito/PIL continuerà ad avere un andamento crescente.<br />
L&#8217;inflazione resta moderata<br />
L&#8217;inflazione nell&#8217;Unione europea e nell&#8217;area dell&#8217;euro dovrebbe registrare un lieve aumento dal livello molto basso attuale, pur rimanendo moderata durante il periodo di riferimento delle previsioni. In media, l&#8217;inflazione IAPC dovrebbe essere leggermente superiore all&#8217;1% nel 2010 e stabilirsi intorno all&#8217;1½% nel 2011 in entrambe le aree. Mentre i prezzi crescenti delle materie prime eserciteranno probabilmente una pressione al rialzo sull&#8217;inflazione, il sostanziale rallentamento dell&#8217;economia e la crescita debole dei salari dovrebbero invece avere un effetto di contenimento. </p>
<p>L&#8217;incertezza resta elevata</p>
<p>L&#8217;economia dell&#8217;Unione europea sta superando la crisi ma le prospettive rimangono altamente incerte e soggette a rischi non trascurabili ma che nel complesso sembrano compensarsi. Se le misure politiche si dimostrassero più efficaci del previsto nel risanare il settore finanziario e migliorare la fiducia, o se la domanda mondiale aumentasse ben oltre le stime, la ripresa potrebbe essere sorprendentemente più vigorosa. D&#8217;altro lato, le difficoltà del mercato del lavoro e gli ostacoli agli investimenti potrebbero avere conseguenze più pesanti del previsto. Inoltre, se non risanerà i suoi bilanci, il settore bancario potrebbe non essere in grado di fornire sostegno sufficiente alla ripresa. Anche i rischi che gravano sulle prospettive d&#8217;inflazione sembrano nel complesso compensarsi. </p>
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		<title>L&#8217;économie européenne est sur la voie d&#8217;une relance graduelle</title>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 05 Nov 2009 14:35:11 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[Prévisions d&#8217;automne pour 2009-2011: l&#8217;économie européenne est sur la voie d&#8217;une relance graduelle 
Selon les prévisions d&#8217;automne de la Commission, l&#8217;économie européenne sortira de la récession au deuxième semestre de cette année, même si pour l&#8217;ensemble de l&#8217;année 2009 le PIB devrait reculer de quelque 4 %. Une relance progressive semble s&#8217;amorcer, et le PIB [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=benjaminnicolau.wordpress.com&blog=2374740&post=1307&subd=benjaminnicolau&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>Prévisions d&#8217;automne pour 2009-2011: l&#8217;économie européenne est sur la voie d&#8217;une relance graduelle </p>
<p>Selon les prévisions d&#8217;automne de la Commission, l&#8217;économie européenne sortira de la récession au deuxième semestre de cette année, même si pour l&#8217;ensemble de l&#8217;année 2009 le PIB devrait reculer de quelque 4 %. Une relance progressive semble s&#8217;amorcer, et le PIB devrait progresser de ¾ % en 2010 et d&#8217;environ 1½ % en 2011 selon les prévisions. Le redémarrage de l&#8217;activité fait suite à l&#8217;amélioration de la conjoncture internationale et des conditions financières ainsi qu&#8217;aux mesures significatives mises en place dans le cadre de la politique monétaire et budgétaire. Par la suite, un certain nombre de facteurs pourraient freiner la demande privée et donc limiter la vigueur de la relance. La situation restera difficile sur le marché de l&#8217;emploi avec un taux de chômage qui devrait atteindre 10¼ % dans l&#8217;UE. Le déficit public devrait lui aussi se creuser, pour atteindre  7½ % du PIB en 2010 avant de retomber légèrement en 2011 lorsque l&#8217;économie se redressera et que les mesures temporaires seront progressivement abandonnées.<br />
«L&#8217;économie de l&#8217;UE sort de la récession. Ceci est du, en grande partie, aux mesures ambitieuses déployées par les gouvernements, les banques centrales et l&#8217;UE, qui ont non seulement permis d&#8217;éviter l&#8217;effondrement du système mais qui ont également favorisé la relance. Toutefois, des défis majeurs doivent être relevés. Pour assurer une relance soutenue et durable, il est essentiel que nous mettions en œuvre toutes les mesures annoncées et que nous terminions d&#8217;assainir le secteur bancaire. Par ailleurs, nous devons commencer à travailler davantage à moyen terme, et déterminer de quelle manière nous pouvons le mieux corriger les effets néfastes de la crise sur les marchés de l&#8217;emploi, les finances publiques et la croissance potentielle», a déclaré Joaquín Almunia, le commissaire responsable des affaires économiques et monétaires.<br />
Après voir traversé la récession la plus profonde, la plus longue et la plus étendue de son histoire, l&#8217;économie de l&#8217;UE est aujourd&#8217;hui arrivée à un tournant. La situation économique et les conditions financières se sont nettement améliorées ces derniers mois, principalement grâce aux actions sans précédent menées dans le cadre de la politique budgétaire et monétaire. Aujourd&#8217;hui, plusieurs indicateurs financiers sont revenus à leur niveau d&#8217;avant la crise, et la confiance remonte. Les perspectives se sont également améliorées pour la croissance et les échanges au niveau mondial, en particulier dans les économies des pays émergents. Dans ce contexte, et compte tenu de l&#8217;ajustement favorable des stocks, la croissance du PIB de l&#8217;UE et de la zone euro devrait redevenir positive durant le deuxième semestre de cette année. </p>
<p>Perspective d&#8217;une relance progressive<br />
L&#8217;amélioration des perspectives à court terme dans l&#8217;UE et ailleurs est en partie le résultat de facteurs temporaires. Comme l&#8217;impact de ces facteurs s&#8217;estompera en 2010, l&#8217;activité mondiale devrait connaître une phase difficile. La croissance des exportations de l&#8217;UE ne devrait donc s&#8217;améliorer que progressivement au cours de la période de prévision. La demande intérieure est également confrontée à un certain nombre de contraintes. Compte tenu d&#8217;une faible utilisation des capacités, de la faiblesse relative de l&#8217;évolution prévue de la demande, d&#8217;une progression limitée de la rentabilité et d&#8217;une croissance encore modérée du crédit, l&#8217;investissement ne devrait pas redémarrer avant 2011. Bien que la consommation privée ait été un facteur de stabilité durant la récession, les dépenses futures des ménages seront sans doute freinées par la nécessité d&#8217;assainir leurs budgets et par les perspectives peu rassurantes du marché de l&#8217;emploi. Les retombées attendues de la crise financière sur la production potentielle devraient elles aussi freiner la relance. Par conséquent, après une première phase de rebond, la croissance du PIB dans l&#8217;UE et dans la zone euro devrait fléchir quelque peu avant de regagner du terrain durant le deuxième semestre de 2010 et par la suite, selon les prévisions.<br />
Le marché de l&#8217;emploi et les finances publiques sont sous pression<br />
Si le marché de l&#8217;emploi de l&#8217;UE a résisté mieux que prévu à la récession (principalement grâce à des mesures politiques de court terme, aux réformes passées et à la rétention de main d&#8217;œuvre dans certains États membres), on prévoit une augmentation des pertes d&#8217;emploi durant les prochains trimestres. Une contraction de l&#8217;emploi d&#8217;environ 2¼ % est prévue pour cette année, et une nouvelle diminution d&#8217;environ 1¼ % en 2010. On peut prévoir une stabilisation progressive de l&#8217;emploi vers la fin de 2010 et au cours de l&#8217;année 2011 lorsque la relance sera confirmée.<br />
Les finances publiques ont été durement touchées. Le déficit public devrait tripler cette année dans l&#8217;UE (pour atteindre près de 7 % du PIB, contre 2¼ % en 2008) et progresser encore en 2010 pour s&#8217;établir à quelque 7½ %. Cette détérioration fait suite notamment au fonctionnement des stabilisateurs automatique et aux mesures discrétionnaires adoptées pour soutenir l&#8217;économie, mais reflète également une chute des recettes plus marquée que prévu à la suite du ralentissement de l&#8217;activité. Le déficit devrait se contracter légèrement pour repasser sous le seuil de 7 % du PIB en 2011, lorsque l&#8217;activité se redressera et que les mesures temporaires seront abandonnées. Toutefois, le taux d&#8217;endettement devrait continuer de croître.<br />
L&#8217;inflation reste modérée<br />
L&#8217;inflation de l&#8217;UE et de la zone euro devrait enregistrer un léger rebond par rapport à son niveau actuel très faible, mais rester limitée durant la période de prévision. En moyenne, l&#8217;inflation basée sur l&#8217;IPCH devrait dépasser légèrement 1 % en 2010 et s&#8217;établir à environ 1½ % en 2011 dans les deux zones. La progression des prix des produits de base devrait exercer des pressions à la hausse sur l&#8217;inflation, mais la morosité et la faible croissance des salaires devraient les freiner. </p>
<p>L&#8217;incertitude demeure élevée</p>
<p>L&#8217;économie de l&#8217;UE sort de la récession, mais les perspectives demeurent très incertaines, et il subsiste des risques non négligeables mais qui dans l&#8217;ensemble, se neutralisent mutuellement. La relance pourrait surprendre par sa vigueur si les mesures politiques sont plus efficaces que prévu pour assainir le secteur financier et relancer la confiance, ou si la demande mondiale augmente plus que prévu. En revanche, l&#8217;incidence des faiblesses du marché de l&#8217;emploi et des contraintes à l&#8217;investissement pourrait être plus importante que prévu. De plus, si le secteur bancaire n&#8217;est pas totalement assaini, il ne sera peut-être pas en mesure d&#8217;apporter un soutien suffisant à la relance. Les risques pesant sur l&#8217;inflation semblent eux aussi se neutraliser mutuellement. </p>
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		<title>Previsiones de otoño para 2009-2011: la economía comunitaria en vías de una recuperación progresiva</title>
		<link>http://benjaminnicolau.wordpress.com/2009/11/05/previsiones-de-otono-para-2009-2011-la-economia-comunitaria-en-vias-de-una-recuperacion-progresiva/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 05 Nov 2009 14:34:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>benjamin-nicolau</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Economia]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Previsiones de otoño para 2009-2011: la economía comunitaria en vías de una recuperación progresiva
Según las previsiones de otoño de la Comisión, la economía comunitaria saldrá de la recesión en el segundo semestre de este año, aunque el PIB caerá en un 4 % aproximadamente si se considera todo el año 2009. Se prevé una recuperación [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=benjaminnicolau.wordpress.com&blog=2374740&post=1305&subd=benjaminnicolau&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>Previsiones de otoño para 2009-2011: la economía comunitaria en vías de una recuperación progresiva</p>
<p>Según las previsiones de otoño de la Comisión, la economía comunitaria saldrá de la recesión en el segundo semestre de este año, aunque el PIB caerá en un 4 % aproximadamente si se considera todo el año 2009. Se prevé una recuperación gradual, con un crecimiento del PIB cifrado en ¾ % en 2010 y en alrededor del 1½ % en 2011. El repunte a corto plazo de la actividad se derivará de las mejoras del entorno exterior y de las condiciones financieras, así como de las importantes medidas políticas fiscales y monetarias aplicadas. Por otra parte, varios factores frenarán la demanda privada y, en consecuencia, la fortaleza de la recuperación. En particular, las condiciones del mercado de trabajo seguirán siendo poco favorables, con una tasa de desempleo que podría alcanzar el 10¼ % en la UE. También se prevé un incremento del déficit público, hasta un 7½ % del PIB en 2010, antes de bajar ligeramente en 2011, a medida que vaya despegando la economía y se vayan retirando las medidas temporales.<br />
En palabras de Joaquín Almunia, Comisario de Asuntos Económicos y Monetarios: «La economía de la UE está saliendo de la recesión, lo cual se debe en gran parte a las ambiciosas medidas tomadas por los Gobiernos, los bancos centrales y la UE, que no solo han prevenido un colapso del sistema, sino que también han estimulado la recuperación. Sin embargo, queda un difícil camino por recorrer. Para mantener el impulso y apoyar la sostenibilidad de la recuperación, es esencial que ejecutemos plenamente todas las medidas anunciadas y completemos el saneamiento del sector bancario. También debemos empezar a considerar el medio plazo y estudiar cómo abordar mejor los efectos perjudiciales de la crisis en los mercados laborales, las finanzas públicas y el crecimiento potencial».<br />
Tras haber sufrido la recesión más profunda, más prolongada y más amplia de su historia, la economía comunitaria ha alcanzado un punto de inflexión. Se ha producido en los últimos meses una mejora marcada de la situación económica y de las condiciones financieras, debido en gran parte a la adopción de medidas sin precedentes en las áreas de política fiscal y monetaria. Varios indicadores financieros han recuperado sus niveles de antes de la crisis y la confianza está progresando. Las perspectivas del crecimiento y el comercio mundiales también se han reforzado, especialmente en las economías de mercado emergentes. Sobre la base de esta evolución y de ajustes del inventarios favorables, se prevé que el crecimiento del PIB en la UE y en la zona del euro será de nuevo positivo en el segundo semestre de este año. </p>
<p>Una recuperación gradual en perspectiva<br />
Las mejores perspectivas a corto plazo en la UE y en el extranjero se deben en parte a factores temporales. Según se vaya disipando el impacto de éstos a lo largo de 2010, es probable que la actividad global atraviese una fase difícil, por lo que se prevé que el crecimiento de las exportaciones comunitarias solo se consolide poco a poco durante el período de previsión. La demanda nacional también se enfrenta a varios obstáculos. No se prevé que las inversiones se recuperen hasta 2011, en vista de la baja utilización de la capacidad, las perspectivas de una demanda relativamente débil, los moderados aumentos de la rentabilidad y el crecimiento del crédito aún ralentizado. Aunque el consumo privado haya sido un factor estabilizador durante la recesión, el gasto en el período próximo se frenará probablemente por la necesidad de sanear los balances de los hogares y por las perspectivas poco favorables del mercado laboral. Otro factor de ralentización es el impacto adverso estimado de la crisis financiera en la producción potencial. Así pues, tras una mejora inicial, se prevé que el crecimiento del PIB en la UE y la zona del euro se frene algo antes de tomar fuerza en el segundo semestre de 2010 y en períodos posteriores.<br />
Mercado laboral y finanzas públicas en dificultades<br />
Mientras que el mercado laboral de la UE ha sido más resistente a la recesión de lo esperado (en gran medida gracias a las medidas a corto plazo, a las últimas reformas y a la acumulación de mano de obra en algunos Estados miembros), se prevé un aumento de los despidos en los próximos trimestres. Está prevista este año una contracción del empleo cifrada en alrededor del 2¼ %, con otra disminución de aproximadamente 1¼ % prevista para 2010. Una estabilización progresiva del empleo es probable hacia finales de 2010 y en 2011, una vez consolidada la recuperación.<br />
También las finanzas públicas han sido muy afectadas. Se prevé que el déficit público se va a triplicar este año en la UE (hasta alcanzar casi el 7 % del PIB, frente al 2¼ % de 2008) y que seguirá aumentando en 2010 hasta aproximadamente el 7½ %. Este deterioro se debe en parte al funcionamiento de los estabilizadores automáticos y a las medidas discrecionales tomadas para apoyar la economía, aunque también refleja una disminución de los ingresos mayor de la habitual a raíz de la crisis. Una ligera mejora del déficit, hasta una cifra ligeramente inferior al 7 % del PIB, se prevé en 2011 según se vaya recuperando la actividad y se dé fin a las medidas temporales. Sin embargo, el ratio de deuda seguirá su tendencia creciente.<br />
La inflación sigue siendo moderada<br />
Se prevé que la inflación en la UE y la zona del euro suba algo desde sus niveles actuales, muy bajos, pero se mantendría moderada durante el período de previsión. Se pronostica que la inflación medida por el IPCA registrará una cifra ligeramente superior al 1 % en 2010 y de alrededor del 1½ % en 2011 en las dos zonas. Mientras que el aumento de los precios de las materias primas tenderá seguramente a incrementar la inflación, la atonía general de la economía y el escaso aumento de los salarios deberían presionar a la baja. </p>
<p>Sigue habiendo mucha incertidumbre<br />
Las perspectivas económicas de la UE en su camino de salida de la recesión son muy inseguras y sujetas a riesgos que distan de ser insignificantes, aunque guardan equilibrio en términos generales. La recuperación podría sorprender al alza si las medidas políticas son más eficaces de lo previsto a la hora de restablecer la solidez del sector financiero y de impulsar la confianza, o si el repunte de la demanda mundial es más pronunciado. Por otra parte, el impacto de la debilidad del mercado laboral y los obstáculos a la inversión podrían ser mayores de lo previsto. Además, si el sector bancario no sanea su balance, podría no estar en condiciones de prestar el suficiente apoyo a la recuperación. Los riesgos que presentan las previsiones de inflación también parecen equilibrados en general. </p>
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		<title>Future internet to make Europe&#8217;s systems smart and efficient: fewer traffic jams, lower emissions, better healthcare</title>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 30 Oct 2009 13:30:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>benjamin-nicolau</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[Future internet to make Europe&#8217;s systems smart and efficient: fewer traffic jams, lower emissions, better healthcare 
Less congested roads, better and more efficient energy delivery or state of the art medical treatment managed at home are typical examples made possible by the Internet of the Future. It will connect physical objects such as cars or [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=benjaminnicolau.wordpress.com&blog=2374740&post=1270&subd=benjaminnicolau&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>Future internet to make Europe&#8217;s systems smart and efficient: fewer traffic jams, lower emissions, better healthcare </p>
<p>Less congested roads, better and more efficient energy delivery or state of the art medical treatment managed at home are typical examples made possible by the Internet of the Future. It will connect physical objects such as cars or mobile devices with infrastructures (for example traffic management systems), so that massive amounts of data can be used in real-time to improve their business process and efficiency. The European Commission today unveiled a strategy to put Europe at the forefront when it comes to the development of smart internet-powered infrastructures. It calls on Europe&#8217;s governments and its ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) sector to take advantage of the increasing demand for innovative applications of the internet to make existing infrastructures like healthcare systems, energy grids or traffic management &#8217;smart&#8217;. To do this it will launch a partnership between public authorities and major ICT players with a budget for 2011-2013 of €300 million available for projects to be selected in the near future, to complement the €200 million yearly ICT support to ongoing research for underlying internet technology. </p>
<p>&#8220;The internet can help face the challenges of the future and holds the key to lifting Europe&#8217;s economy out of the crisis. Online applications and technologies can improve transport in cities, which will soon house 70% of the world population. They can, and must, improve the systems that manage our energy, because electricity consumption will have doubled by 2030. And with an ageing EU population, the internet can make our health care systems more efficient and treat patients from afar,&#8221; said Viviane Reding, EU Commissioner for Information Society and Media. &#8220;It is Europe and its businesses that should seize the opportunity and develop these technologies and applications which can tremendously increase the economic and social efficiency of day-to-day processes.&#8221; </p>
<p>The European Commission today proposed an EU-wide internet innovation strategy linking governments and different industry sectors across Europe. The strategy aims to improve key infrastructures to our economy and society by making them better able to process massive amounts of data in their daily tasks. Internet data traffic is today growing already by 60% every year. As the internet connects to billions of sensors and online mobile devices to deliver ever more sophisticated information, these infrastructures need to be &#8217;smart&#8217; enough to use such huge amounts of data in real time. For example, through internet technology like sensors.</p>
<p>Today&#8217;s plan aims to make Europe a leader in the research and roll out of future internet technologies needed to &#8217;smarten up&#8217; infrastructures in areas affecting daily life like healthcare, transport, and energy. This will not only reinforce the competitiveness of Europe&#8217;s ICT industry but European consumers will also be the first to benefit from new applications and services.<br />
Smart systems are already being piloted in regions and cities throughout Europe. For example,   Through the use of sensor networks and mobile devices (near) real time data can be collected which is key to managing energy or transportation systems. This information can then be used to optimise the urban mobility system for example. These wireless devices will also benefit from the extra spectrum provided by the digital dividend   as they get widely deployed.<br />
The Commission today urged governments and industry to work together so that European research focuses further on key internet technologies and their fast application to daily life. The Commission will kick-start this public-private partnership with a call for proposals in 2010. Altogether, €300 million are planned for this initiative over the 2011-2013 period – a figure to be matched by industry.<br />
The Commission is already funding research making the internet itself smarter, with €400 million invested in more than 90 European projects under its ICT   and another €200 million a year to be invested from 2011-2013 research budgets </p>
<p>Today&#8217;s Communication forms part of the preparations for a European plan for innovation and research, called for by the European Council in December 2008. It is also part of the Commission&#8217;s response to the recommendations of the Aho Panel&#8217;s call for European ICT research to become more risk-friendly and do more to commercialise its results   </p>
<p>SOURCE UE </p>
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		<title>L’internet du futur, pour des infrastructures européennes intelligentes et efficaces: moins d’embouteillages, moins d’émissions de CO2 et des soins de santé de meilleure qualité</title>
		<link>http://benjaminnicolau.wordpress.com/2009/10/30/l%e2%80%99internet-du-futur-pour-des-infrastructures-europeennes-intelligentes-et-efficaces-moins-d%e2%80%99embouteillages-moins-d%e2%80%99emissions-de-co2-et-des-soins-de-sante-de-meilleure-qualit/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 30 Oct 2009 13:29:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>benjamin-nicolau</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[L’internet du futur, pour des infrastructures européennes intelligentes et efficaces: moins d’embouteillages, moins d’émissions de CO2 et des soins de santé de meilleure qualité 
Des routes moins encombrées, des systèmes de distribution d’énergie de meilleure qualité et plus efficaces ou encore des traitements médicaux de pointe gérés à domicile – autant d’exemples typiques de ce [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=benjaminnicolau.wordpress.com&blog=2374740&post=1268&subd=benjaminnicolau&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>L’internet du futur, pour des infrastructures européennes intelligentes et efficaces: moins d’embouteillages, moins d’émissions de CO2 et des soins de santé de meilleure qualité </p>
<p>Des routes moins encombrées, des systèmes de distribution d’énergie de meilleure qualité et plus efficaces ou encore des traitements médicaux de pointe gérés à domicile – autant d’exemples typiques de ce que permettra l’internet du futur. Celui-ci reliera en effet des objets physiques, tels que voitures ou dispositifs mobiles, à des infrastructures (par exemple, les systèmes de gestion du trafic), ce qui permettra à ces infrastructures de traiter en temps réel de très importants volumes de données et, partant, d’améliorer leur fonctionnement et de gagner en efficacité. La Commission européenne a dévoilé aujourd’hui une stratégie visant à placer l’Europe à la pointe du développement d’infrastructures intelligentes alimentées par l’internet. Elle invite les gouvernements des États membres et le secteur européen des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) à profiter de la demande croissante d’applications internet novatrices pour rendre «intelligentes» certaines infrastructures existantes, comme les systèmes de santé, les réseaux énergétiques ou les systèmes de gestion du trafic. À cet effet, elle entend lancer un partenariat entre pouvoirs publics et principaux acteurs du secteur des TIC: un budget de 300 millions d’euros est prévu pour la période 2011–2013, qui financera des projets à sélectionner à court terme et complètera l’enveloppe de 200 millions d’euros devant être allouée chaque année au secteur des TIC comme aide à la recherche en cours sur les technologies internet de base. </p>
<p>«L’internet peut nous aider à relever les défis de l’avenir et il est la clé qui permettra à l’économie européenne de sortir de la crise. De fait, les applications et technologies en ligne peuvent améliorer l’état des transports dans les villes, où vivra bientôt 70 % de la population mondiale. Elles peuvent encore et doivent améliorer les systèmes qui gèrent notre énergie parce que la consommation d’électricité aura doublé d’ici à 2030. Enfin, dans le contexte du vieillissement de la population européenne, elles peuvent rendre nos systèmes de santé plus efficaces et permettre le traitement des patients à distance», a déclaré Viviane Reding, membre de la Commission chargé de la société de l’information et des médias. «Il appartient à l’Europe et à ses entreprises de saisir leur chance et de développer ces applications et technologies en ligne, qui ont le potentiel d’accroître considérablement l&#8217;efficacité économique et sociale de nombreux systèmes dans leur fonctionnement quotidien.» </p>
<p>La Commission européenne a proposé aujourd’hui une stratégie d’innovation internet à l’échelle de l’UE, en vertu de laquelle les gouvernements et différents secteurs économiques seraient reliés dans toute l’Europe. L’objet de cette stratégie est d’améliorer certaines infrastructures clés pour notre économie et nos sociétés, en les rendant plus à même de traiter de très importants volumes de données au quotidien. À l’heure actuelle, le trafic internet augmente déjà de 60 % par an. Dès lors que, pour pouvoir fournir des informations toujours plus sophistiquées, l’internet est relié à des milliards de capteurs et dispositifs mobiles, les infrastructures doivent être suffisamment «intelligentes» pour pouvoir traiter de tels volumes de données en temps réel.  </p>
<p>La stratégie présentée aujourd’hui vise à faire de l’Europe un leader dans la recherche et le déploiement des technologies internet du futur dont elle a besoin pour rendre plus «intelligentes» les infrastructures ayant un impact sur la vie quotidienne, comme les systèmes de santé, de transport et d’énergie. Non seulement la compétitivité du secteur européen des TIC s’en trouvera renforcée, mais les consommateurs européens seront aussi les premiers à bénéficier d’applications et de services nouveaux. </p>
<p>Des systèmes intelligents sont déjà expérimentés à l’état de projets pilotes dans différentes régions et villes d’Europe.  . Grâce à l’utilisation de réseaux de capteurs et de dispositifs mobiles, il est possible de collecter les données (quasiment) en temps réel, ce qui est crucial pour la gestion des systèmes de transport ou d’énergie. Ces données peuvent alors servir à optimiser le système de mobilité urbaine, par exemple. Alors qu’il tend à se généraliser, ce type de dispositifs sans fil bénéficiera aussi des radiofréquences fournies par le dividende numérique  </p>
<p>Aujourd’hui, la Commission a enjoint aux gouvernements et aux entreprises de collaborer pour que la recherche européenne soit davantage axée sur les technologies internet fondamentales et leur application rapide à la vie quotidienne. Elle-même donnera le coup d’envoi de ce partenariat public-privé, par le lancement d’un appel à propositions en 2010. Au total, il est prévu d’allouer 300 millions d’euros à cette initiative sur la période 2011-2013 – les entreprises devant fournir un montant équivalent.</p>
<p>La Commission finance d’ores et déjà des travaux de recherche visant à rendre l’internet lui-même plus intelligent: 400 millions d’euros ont ainsi été investis dans plus de 90 projets européenE et 200 autres millions d’euros seront débloqués chaque année au titre des budgets de recherche 2011-2013.</p>
<p>SOURCE UE</p>
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